Protecting Life, Liberty, and Property in the Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights Essay â€Å" The government is morally obligated to serve people and protect their rights such as life, liberty, and property. â€Å" The Constitution had no effect against the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution was created to make a stronger central government to protect the rights of its people. The social contract protects the natural rights, while the Constitution protects every other rights, like adding an extra layer of protection. The writers intention of the Bill of Rights was to ensure the safety of citizens rights without them being violated. Most amendments apply in daily life, but it might not show. The First amendment, freedom of speech, amendment two, the right to bear arms, and amendment four, protects†¦show more content†¦Although the First amendment is very important, amendment two is also a huge factor for citizens. The Second amendment allows citizens to bear arms. The Second amendment means that citizens are allowed to bear a rms for house protection. Citizens are protected from jail fines, if the gun is a military type gun used for protection. The government must protect the citizens from any unreasonable gun laws and disarming. One court case involving the Second amendment was the United States vs. Miller on May 15th, 1939. Jack Miller and Frank Layton carried sawed off shotguns across state lines. Both were arrested and went into trial with the Supreme court. They won the court case at first, but the the National Firearms Act only allowed shotguns with an eighteen inch barrel to be owned. They both did not have a registering stamp to show that they paid for the tax. The ruling did not take place because Jack Miller had died. The Supreme court was sent to a lower level court to be dealt with. The case helped people remember about the National Firearms Act requiring all firearms needing the register stamp. Another court case with the second amendment is District of Columbia vs. Heller in 2008. Hell er was a special policemen who applied to register his pistol, but the District denied him. He enjoined the city to enforcing of the license and registration. The ruling was five to four, because the law interfered with the governments duty to protect citizens fromShow MoreRelatedWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights Essay â€Å"Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others.I do not add ‘within the limits of the law because law is often but the tyrants’ will,and always so when it violates the rights of the individual† -Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution was created because of the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation did not simply protecting the rights of the people which the Founding Fathers was concernedRead MoreThe Case Of De Jonge V. Oregon Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of assembly defines the right to hold public meetings and form associations without interference by the government. In the case of â€Å"De Jonge v. Oregon,† the Court protected freedom of assembly from state actions and rather referred to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (â€Å"Dejonge v. Oregon - 1937†). Dirk De Jonge was a member of the Communist Party. De Jonge protested against â €Å"police brutality.† Oregon charged De Jonge as wanting to cause civil unrest. However, in the end,Read MoreThe Rights Of State Governments And The Federal Government1442 Words   |  6 Pagesconstitutional rights of American citizens that are given by the Bill of Rights. Origins of this doctrine dates back to the beginning of constitutional America. There were debates over the relationship between the rights of state governments and the federal government. To guarantee that certain rights were not limited, the Federalist, an early political party, had insisted that the Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution before they signed it. But even years after the addition of the Bill of RightsRead MoreBill of Rights Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages The Bill of Rights and Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen are based on the same principles of natural rights; therefore each document is similar in protecting the peoples n atural rights. However, despite their similarities, their differences are apparent due to the social situations in which they were adopted. The Bill of Rights stood to protect the freedoms of each individual by establishing a democratic government. The French Revolution eliminated the hierarchy of class and establishedRead MoreFederalism Is The Division Of Powers Between A Central Government And Regional Governments1480 Words   |  6 Pagesscopes of authority. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people against unreasonable searches and seizures†. The Fourth Amendment, spoke to the importance of federalism as a mechanism to secure liberty for the American people. State courts would be responsible for determining if the searches were conducted with reasonableness, giving the government the closest to the people the most say in such matters. Regarding privacy rights there have been positive and negative impacts throughoutRead MoreDefining The Bill Of Rights1075 W ords   |  5 PagesDefining the Bill of Rights and Amendments to the Constitution Originally the Constitutional framers did not include a list of specific liberties. These liberties later would become a Bill of Rights. Many of the founding fathers did not believe it was necessary to spell out these individual liberties because they felt that the U.S. Constitution already made it clear what the limits on the government’s powers were. Soon it would become more evident that the Constitution didn’t go far enough in addressingRead MoreThe Enlightenment Period : John Locke And Rousseau s Separation Of Powers1235 Words   |  5 PagesLocke s natural rights, Voltaires religious tolerance, Montesquieu s separation of powers, Wollstonecraft s views on women s rights, Newtons scientific theories, and Rousseau’s social contract were the biggest of influences during the Enlightenment period. John Locke’s natural rights influenced the people at the time, leading to the French Revolution. Natural rights was an ideal where people revolutionized beca use of limited rights, and thats when life, liberty, and property came to play, offeringRead MoreThe Constitutional Framers Did Not Be A Bill Of Rights1065 Words   |  5 PagesOriginally the Constitutional framers did not include a list of specific liberties. These liberties later would become a Bill of Rights. Many of the founding fathers did not believe it was necessary to spell out these individual liberties because they felt that the U.S. Constitution already made it clear what the limits on the government’s powers were. Soon it would become more evident that the Constitution didn’t go far enough in addressing the issue of national power. As the ratification debatesRead MoreFederalist Paper : The Federalist Papers1399 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution. Of these, the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Electoral College, and the Bill of Rights were the some of the most important and most controversial. Madison who wrote the 54th Federalist paper discussed the Three-Fift hs Compromise at length, defending the addition of this clause. Hamilton who wrote 68th Federalist paper defends the process that the Constitution institutes for electing a president. The Bill of Rights were discussed in the 84th Federalist paper which was also written by HamiltonRead MoreThe Enlightenment And The Enlightenment907 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion, belief in freedom, liberty, and progress that it will get better. The new attitudes are optimistic, seek practical improvement, and it focused more on liberty. The Enlightenment affected the way people understood the role of government. It changed they way they think about the purpose of the government and who should govern them. Individuals did not have to accept despair. Science and reason could bring happiness and progress. Kings did not rule by divine right. They had an obligation to

Healthcare Professional Career Licensed Vocational Nurse Free Essays

A Licensed Vocational Nurse carries out the following: First of all, an LVN takes care of the individuals who are suffering from injuries, sicknesses, disabilities, and even those who are on their way to recovery (US.., 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Professional Career: Licensed Vocational Nurse or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do the aforementioned though based on the physicians’, as well as, registered nurses’ instructions (US.., 2006). Secondly, they are responsible for checking the patient’s blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and other vital signs (US.., 2006). Third, it is also an LVN’s responsibility to change wound dressings, check catheters, manage bedsores, provides alcohol massages, as well as, to inject patients (US.., 2006). Fourth, an LVN is also accountable for a patient’s allergic reactions to any medication or treatment provided for by the health care institution (US.., 2006). Fifth, it is an LVN’s task to carry out laboratory tests or gather samples for testing, feed patients, and note down the intake of food and fluid, as well as, the number of times the patient’s urinated and defecated (US.., 2006).   Sixth, it is the LVN’s function to oversee the patient’s personal hygiene as well (US.., 2006). The LVN ought to help out a patient when taking a bath, dressing up, etc (US.., 2006). Seventh, LVN’s oversee patients who are about to take in prescribed medicines or intravenous fluids, however, this is only a function of LVNs in selected States where it is permissible to do so (US.., 2006). Eighth, they also provide assistance in the delivery, as well as, feeding of babies (US.., 2006). Ninth, LVNs can take charge and direct nursing assistants and aides but such task is only delegated to those LVNs who are considered to be experienced (US.., 2006). Tenth, LVNs are also in charge of assessment of needs of the patients, development of care plans, supervision of nursing aides, organization of patients’ records, setting of appointments, and other responsibilities which are categorically clerical (US.., 2006). Personal Qualities and Abilities Needed for Success An LVN who intends to become successful should have the following personal qualities and abilities: 1) exceedingly caring; 2) extremely sympathetic; 3) emotionally stable; 4) can keep up with continuous stress; 5) enthusiastic; 6) very devoted; 7) decision-making skills; 8) good communication skills; 9) flexibility in taking orders of supervisors; 10) positive outlook in life; 11) extreme patience; 12) etc   (US.., 2006). Educational Requirements An LVN is necessitated to accomplish a practical nursing program from any State-approved learning institution (US.., 2006). A future LVN should pass the following subjects: anatomy, basic nursing concepts, drug administration, medical nursing, nutrition, obstetrics, pediatrics, physiology, psychiatric, surgical nursing, etc (US.., 2006). A soon-to-be LVN should also undergo a clinical practice in the hospital or any other health care institution (US.., 2006). It should be kept in mind that such clinical practice should be supervised (US.., 2006). Also, it should be noted that typically, a high school diploma is asked for before admission to the program aforementioned (US.., 2006). Licensure, Certification and/ or Requirements The following are the requirements necessitated for LVNs to qualify from the licensing exam technically referred to as NCLEX-ON (US.., 2006). Possible Places of Employment There are vacancies for LVNs in the following: 1) hospitals; 2) nursing homes; 3) offices of doctors; 4) home health care services; 5) homes for the aged/elderly; 6) educational services or institutions; 7) outpatient care health institutions; 8) Federal agencies; and 9) state agencies (US.., 2006). Advancement Opportunities LVNs have a lot of advancement opportunities and some of these are the following: 1) LVNs can supervise nursing aides and even other LVNs (US.., 2006). This is especially allowed in nursing homes/nursing care facilities (US.., 2006). 2) LVNs can undergo training programs to promote himself or herself and become a Registered Nurse (US.., 2006). Wages, Benefits, Standard Payroll Deductions LVNs working at the doctor’s office earn approximately 30K per year, while those who serve at surgical hospitals earn about 33K per year, those involved in home health care services earn about 35K per year, while those in the nursing care facilities are given about 35.5K, and last but not least, those who are in the employment services earn almost 42K per year (US.., 2006). Benefits include the following: 1) annual leave; 2) holidays; 3) retirement; 4) social security; 5) dental medical plan; 6) long-term disability plan; 7) life insurance; 8) credit union; 9) deferred compensation; 10) bilingual pay; 11) night shift differential; 12) etc (US.., 2006). Standard payroll deductions include: taxes, social security, etc (US.., 2006). Job Outlook for the Future Projected Employment in CALIFORNIA It is said that the job outlook in California is superior and there will be an increase in the employment rate because of the fact that the number of population for the elderly continuous to increase (Licensed.., 2007). Preparing for an Interview I will prepare myself for an interview by making sure to keep the following in mind: 1) know more about the health care institution where I am applying at to add to my credibility; 2) dress up professionally and presentably; 3) practice answering typical interview questions; 4) find people who will serve as my references that will surely sell me to potential employers; 5) bring my resume, driver’s license, social security and other pertinent documents; 6) sell myself by proudly and confidently stating my strengths, abilities, etc; and 7) say thank you to the person who provided me with the opportunity to be interviewed (Ten.., 2007). References Licensed Vocational Nurse California. (2007). Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://education-portal.com/licensed_vocational_nurse_california.html Ten Tips on Preparing for a Job Interview. Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-interview/11120-2.html US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2006). Licensed Vocational Nurses. Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm How to cite Healthcare Professional Career: Licensed Vocational Nurse, Essay examples

The Concept of CSR and Innovation-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Critically anayse the Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: Strategic management refers to the management of the organization as well as its activities with the help of some effective strategies. In other words, the strategic management is the process of strategically handling the organizational business activities for achieving the desired business objectives. Every organization has its own strategies for running its business in the competitive market of the its own. Along with this, the sustainability of the organization is also determined by the proper implementation of the firms strategies. The areas involved in the strategic management are the analysis of the internal and external strengths and weakness of the firm, formulation of the action plan, execution of the action plan and the evaluation of the action plan (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). Therefore, the strategic management of the firm is considered to be the most important part of the business as it ensures the successful business activities of the firm in the market. However, there are different concepts of the strategic management, which are found to be implemented by various organization in all over the world. The most popular concepts of strategic management are core competencies, generic strategies, mergers and acquisitions, alliances, CSR, blue ocean strategy and many others (Kumar and Reinartz 2012). However, the following discourses discusses one of the concepts which is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Critical Analysis of CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the popular and effective concepts of the strategic management. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is also known as the corporate citizenship, sustainability management and in few others name. The CSR is referred to the initiatives taken by the firm for the social and environmental betterment. It is found that any corporation or the business organization operates its business within the social and environmental context. On the other hand, to certain extent the environmental and social aspect are influenced by the corporate activities of the organization. Therefore, it comes under the responsibilities of the firm to perform its duty on the part of the social and environmental context n (Sharma and Kiran 2013).On a different note, it must be noted that the CSR initiatives indicates the firms activities on the social context for the wellbeing of the society. From the 1960s the concept of the corporate social responsibilities started attracting attention of the business firm for providing benefits to the society by the organizational business activities (Guthey and Morsing 2014). The CSR is considered to be one of the strategic management concepts because the CSR is one of the strategies that helps the organization to maintain its sustainability in the competitive market for a longer time. Before the conceptualization of the CSR, it is found that that the organizations were impacting on the environment as well as on the society by the business and corporate activities of them (Prasad and Holzinger, 2013). After the realization of the same by the firms, the acceptance and the implementation of the CSR was the response to the growing concerns on the ethical issues in the business regarding the activities of the firm and its impact on the society and environment. On the other hand, the corporate social responsibility is found to be involved in the economical, legal and philanthropic activities by the firm in terms of doing betterment to the society and the environment (Kitzmueller and Shimshack 2012). Argumentative Discussion: However, the arguments on the subject of CSR has been running over the years. CSR is considered to be one of the business concern for the wellbeing of the society. The basic purpose of the CSR is to maintain the sustainability of the firm in the competitive market. The arguments on the subject is indicated towards the necessity and importance of the CSR in the strategic management of the organizations. Many scholars are in favor of the CSR and some are not. the arguments summarize the importance of the CSR activities in terms of the protection of the interest of key stakeholders, long run survival, self-enlightenment, avoidance of government regulations, resources and professionalisms. Some of the scholars and researchers state that the CSR activities of the company protects the interest of the key stakeholders in the business of the firm (Prasad and Holzinger 2013). The organization is responsible for protecting the rights and social values of the key stakeholders of the firm which is one of the aspect of the CSR activities.To run a successful business in the competitive market, the firm needs to discharge responsibilities towards its stakeholders, especially the employees and consumers. Consumers being the prime factor of the business that determines the profit if the organization in the target market (Guthey and Morsing 2014). Therefore, the business organization needs to ensure the level of satisfaction of the consumers and CSR initiatives is one of the strategic management for serving the same. Long run survival is another factor that indicates the importance of the CSR activities by the organizations. Long run survival is another name of the sustainability which is ensures by the CSR performance of the firm along with the business activities in the market (Lin-Hi and Mller 2013). Not maintaining the social norms is capable of attracting the government to impose regulation on the organizations business activities. If the business activities of the organization affect the society and environment the government can take legal action against the firms. Therefore, the CSR activities is important for avoiding the legal restrictions. The organizations from its business activities possess wide range of resources that can be used in the CSR activities of the organization which often includes minor and aboriginal communities. Therefore, the utilization of the resource indicates the importance of CSR initiatives. Professionalizationof the organization addresses the social orientation of the business. The corporate activities of the business entities are marking the increase of the professionalization of the firms which further includes the maintenance of the code of ethics and legal aspects by the same. CSR activities being a part of the code of ethics marks the importance of its practice. However, there are many scholars who argues that the CSR activities are not important for maintaining thesustainability of the firm in the competitive market. The arguments over the topic states that business entities being the profit organization must not practice CSR activities in order to ensure its business profit. In addition, the arguments marks that the for addressing the social and environmental wellbeing, there are government and nonprofit organizations. The scholars against the CSR activities claims that CSR is the waste of time and resources by the organizations. The CSR is limited under the grounds that are business as an economic activity, quantification of social benefits, cost benefit analysis, transfer of social costs and sub optimal utilization of resources. As stated by Kitzmueller and Shimshack (2012), business being an economic entity must not get into social an environmental activity which will weaken the business activities of the firm in the market. Whereas another scholar points out that social responsibilities is one of the complicated and difficult tasks as it comprises various responsible activities to be done. Therefore, the CSR activities can make the firm less prioritize its business activities due to the excessive quantification of social benefits. The CSR practice of the firm is not a cost benefit act as sometimes the initial budget exceeds the level of benefits. On the other hand, using the cost to the social welfare can result into firms low wages and low profits. Therefore, it is evident from the above argumentative discussion on the CSR practice of the firm that the advantages of CSR are more than the disadvantages. However, the drawbacks of CSR activities of the firm cannot be ignored, but the same can be overcome through proper and effective strategic implementation of the CSR initiatives. The debate over the CSR practice of the organizations raises numerous questions for the organization itself. Some of the scholars raise question about the operational defection of CSR (Malik 2015) whereas some argues with the uniformity in business policies are lacked by the CSR activities. Emergence of CSR Concept: The concept of the CSR activities has been argued by many scholars for its acceptance in the corporate sectors. The CSR took years to get conceptualized by the business organization. It must be noted that most of the business organization in the 21stcentury. Most of the business entities are practicing the CSR activities for enhancing the public image. As opined by Kolk and Lenfant (2013), all the multinational companies must take active part in the CSR practices in order to ensure the sustainability of them in the international market. At the same time, Izzo and Magnanelli (2012) argued that the CSR initiatives is capable of disrupting the sustainability of the firm as it is the waste of money. However, though the conceptualization and acceptance of the CSR has taken several years, but it has been accepted most of the international and national organizations. In fact, almost every popular organization publishes its yearly CSR reportto sustain and make people aware about their social environmental activities. The most effective adaptation of CSR concept is its emergence and acceptance by the organizations as the sustainability development strategies. Consequently, the CSR has become one of the important and necessary part of the strategic management for any business entities. Acceptance and Practice of CSR Concept: The above discussion shows the emergence of the CSR concept as one of the aspect of the strategic management. Among many concepts of the strategic management the CSR has gained the most popularity. The importance of the CSR activities is incased towards the sustainability of the firm in the market (Przychodzen and Przychodzen 2013). Specifically, for any international organization, the CSR has been a mandatory practice. It must be mentioned in this regard that the any market in todays era is highly competitive. Hence, the organizations existing in the market must consider the strategic management in terms of gaining the competitive advantages in the targeted market. For the organizations operating its business in the global context, the CSR has become an inseparable part of the organization. It must not be forgotten that despite having the range of advantages in adapting the CSR activities, there are number of organizations that do not participate in the CSR practices. For ensuring the proper management of business activities, these organizations follow other strategic management such as the generic strategies, core competencies, alliance, mergers and acquisition, blue ocean strategy and others. Some of these strategies are equally effective as the CSR and some are not. The generic strategies are specifically designed for ensuring the competitive advantages of the target market (Tanwar 2013). Any firm uses the generic strategies for the achievement of the cost leadership, focus and differentiation which further leads the organization towards the success in the competitive market (Kinyuira 2014). The generic strategies are used by many firms, specially the new ones. However, though the generic strategies are found to be one of the best aspect of the strategic management, it has not gained the popularity as much as CSR. However, the comparison between the two is not sensible as because it is possible for any firm to use both the aspect of the strategic management. It must be remembered that the generic strategies and CSR despite being the aspect of strategic management, performs different functions. However, all the concepts of the strategic management address the profitability of the firm, but the ways of achieving the same are different (Mahbuba and Farzana 2013). Blue ocean strategy is another concept of the strategic management that creates a brand new market which is excluding of competitor companies. This concept of the strategic management refers to the idea of uncompetitive innovative market which is uncontested (Mebert and Lowe 2017). This strategy is used by some of the organizations in order to create new consumer values (tverkov,?ervinka and Humlov 2012). However, it is found by many of the researchers that this concept of strategic management is not as effective as the CSR. At the same time, the concept often does not provide intended results and this concept is new to the business market. on the other hand, the CSR has gained popularity for its effectiveness. Mergers and acquisition is another effective strategic management concept for securing the profitability of the firm out of the business activities (Schmidt 2015). Mergers and acquisition refers to the consolidation of companies, while merger denotes combination of two or more companies into one whereas the acquisition entails the takeover of the one company by another. It is found from the market research this concept of strategic management is used basically in the financial industry of business. The concept of mergers and acquisition majorly and accepted and followed by most of the organizations in financial sectors (Bena and Li 2014). The effectiveness of the organization is based on the acquisition of the potential customers. However, the CSR concept of the strategic management cannot be ignored and is equally practiced in all industry including the financial one to a great extent. Considering the fact that of sustainability by CSR practices, the same is given high priority and importance by most of the business entities in todays era. Cai, Jo and Pan(2012), found from his researches that the wide number of firms in todays era considers the CSR is important in terms of performing the social responsibilities. There are many organizations in the international context that are taking the CSR seriously for making profit out of the business activities. As mentioned by (Minoja2012), the CSR practices by any firm not only ensures the long run existence of the firm in the industry, but also reduce the risk of losing its ground in the market. the new entry in the market becomes a threat to the existing firm which can be reduced by the CSR initiatives. On the other hand, the impact of the CSR practices plays an important role on the part of stakeholders. the stakeholders of the organization are one of the major part of CSR activities. The stakeholders not only are benefitted through the CSR practices of the organization but also they play a vital role in performing the CSR initiatives. Employee welfare is one of the aspects of firms CSR practices (Minoja 2012). In addition, there are many communities who are helped and supported by the CSR performance of any organizations. The wellbeing astakeholder of the firm to certain extent is determined by the CSR activities of the firm. Therefore, it is evident that CSR practice of the firm determines the relationship of the firm with the stakeholders. On the other hand, the environmental perspective is another aspect of CSR activities as emphasized by many organizations. There are numerous organizations which stresses on the environmental maintenance as the part of CSR activities. The environmental activities such as controlling the carbon emission, green preservation, greenhouse gas management and many others (Malik 2015). In todays era, the environmental preservation is one of the biggest issues that must be considered by every organization. Industrial activities are considered to be one of the primary reason for the environmental degradation. Therefore, the socially aware organization is found to be taking part in preserving the environment and reducing the damage in the same. For serving the noble purpose, the organizations consider the CSR practices to the most effective. It must be noted that all the organization face numerous business challengesin terms of operating its business in the competitive market. The firms perform their CSR activities for avoiding and resolving the business challenges. The business challenges like legal and ethical business practice, achievement of competitive advantages, sustainable business operations can be overcome by the CSR practice (Rexhepi, Kurtishi and Bexheti 2013). The industrial business operation often tends to break the legal and social rules of business. The practice of CSR is capable of making the firm avoid these legal obligations. In the vast market of competition, any company can enhance its public image by its CSR performance which will further increase level competitive advantages achievements. Furthermore, as stated above the CSR exercise of the firm not only ensures the competitive advantages of the firms, but also strengthen the suitability the same in completive market (Saeidiet al. 2015). In fact, the sustainable business operation is one of the reason for firms CSR practices. Therefore, it is evident that the business entities are dependent on CSR practice, however not mandatorily, for reducing the risks that comes from the various business challenges. In regard to the business challenges, it must be mentioned that there are diversechallenges that are faced by the all the business entities in the competitive market in performing the CSR activities. The challenges come from both from within and outside the organizations. The internal challenges may come from the stakeholders such as the investors and employees. The inventors of the organization often create obligation to prevent the firm from practicing the CSR activities (Elvinget al. 2015). On the other hand, the employees may be reluctant to perform job in the CSR activities apart from their organizational job responsibilities. At the same time, the external challenges may come from the legal and social perspectives in many forms. However, these challenges can be overcome by the proper management. Conclusion: Therefore, this can be concluded from the above discourse that strategic management is one of the vital part of business for ensuring the profitability of the firm in the competitive market environment. The above discourse discusses the various concept of the strategic management with the emphasis on the CSR activities as one of the concept. It has taken certain times to get the concept of CSR accepted in the corporate sector. The CSR has gone through various adaptation as the process of acceptance by the corporate entities. However, there have been consistent debate over the concept that implies both the advantages and disadvantages of CSR for the business organization. The discourse makes it clear that CSR activities have become an inseparable part of the business entities in contemporary market. Along with this, the report also sheds lights on the various business challenges that are overcome by the CSR practice of the firms. However, the firms also face challenges in performing t he CSR initiatives, but at the same time, these challenges can be overcome. References: Bena, J. and Li, K., 2014. Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.The Journal of Finance,69(5), pp.1923-1960. Cai, Y., Jo, H. and Pan, C., 2012. Doing well while doing bad? CSR in controversial industry sectors.Journal of Business Ethics,108(4), pp.467-480. Elving, W.J., Golob, U., Podnar, K., Ellerup-Nielsen, A. and Thomson, C., 2015. The bad, the ugly and the good: new challenges for CSR communication.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,20(2), pp.118-127. Guthey, E. and Morsing, M., 2014. CSR and the mediated emergence of strategic ambiguity.Journal of Business Ethics,120(4), pp.555-569. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Izzo, M.F. and Magnanelli, B.S., 2012. Does it pay or does firm pay? The relation between CSR performance and the cost of debt. Kinyuira, D., 2014. Effects of Porters Generic competitive strategies on the performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (Saccos) in Muranga County, Kenya.IOSR Journal of Business and Management,16(1), pp.93-105. Kitzmueller, M. and Shimshack, J., 2012. Economic perspectives on corporate social responsibility.Journal of Economic Literature,50(1), pp.51-84. Kolk, A. and Lenfant, F., 2013. Multinationals, CSR and partnerships in Central African conflict countries.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(1), pp.43-54. Kumar, V. and Reinartz, W., 2012.Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Lin-Hi, N. and Mller, K., 2013. The CSR bottom line: Preventing corporate social irresponsibility.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1928-1936. Mahbuba, S. and Farzana, N., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability: A Case Study on Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd.International Journal of Business and Social Research,3(4), pp.139-145. Malik, M., 2015. Value-enhancing capabilities of CSR: A brief review of contemporary literature.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), pp.419-438. Malik, M., 2015. Value-enhancing capabilities of CSR: A brief review of contemporary literature.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), pp.419-438. Mebert, A. and Lowe, S., 2017. Blue Ocean Strategy. CRC Press. Minoja, M., 2012. Stakeholder management theory, firm strategy, and ambidexterity.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.67-82. Prasad, A. and Holzinger, I., 2013. Seeing through smoke and mirrors: A critical analysis of marketing CSR.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1915-1921. Przychodzen, J. and Przychodzen, W., 2013. Corporate sustainability and shareholder wealth.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,56(4), pp.474-493. Rexhepi, G., Kurtishi, S. and Bexheti, G., 2013. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovationthe drivers of business growth?.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,75, pp.532-541. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Schmidt, B., 2015. Costs and benefits of friendly boards during mergers and acquisitions.Journal of Financial Economics,117(2), pp.424-447. Sharma, A. and Kiran, R., 2013. Corporate social responsibility: driving forces and challenges.International Journal of Business Research and Development,2(1). tverkov, H., ?ervinka, M. and Humlov, V., 2012. The Impact of Blue Ocean Strategy in Low-cost Transport.Blue Ocean Strategy,20, pp.40-44. Tanwar, R., 2013. Porters generic competitive strategies.Journal of Business and Management,15(1), pp.11-17.

The Vasa Capsizes

The management of large-scale projects such as the VASA II in 1629 has real challenges which affect the project. As a project manager one has to be involved in all the logistics of such a large project.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Vasa Capsizes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I would assign the job to design the VASA II to a company that is competent enough to deliver the project to the desired quality and deliver the project on time. The selection of the right company has to consider a lot of factors. The choosing has to look at the organizations ability to carry out such a project without being overwhelmed. Because the VASA II is to be better than the VASA I then the pressure is on the firm that is to get the contract. Considering the factors that befell the VASA I then the firm has to be ready to work harder in the design of the ship. The firm has to be properly designed so that it will not fail as the VASA I did. Because the VASA II has to be the largest and most glorious ship on the ocean then it will be designed with the specifications of the king. The firm that will meet these requirements will be awarded the contract to deliver the ship. (Kugeler, M.M, Rosemann, N.A., 2003). Due to the financial nature in Sweden at this time then the firm has to be able to cope with the risks. Such a large project is prone to risks. These include running out of resources to complete such a project. There is also the risk of running out of time to deliver the project which will result in losses. These losses suffered will be borne by the people so it is important for the firm to provide the project in the specified time. The scenario in the ship building industry is that the designs are not calculated mathematically in order to come up with the best and stable design. The shipwright has to design the ship.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a project manager one should ensure that the shipwright uses the design of previous successful ships to develop the best and most stable vessel. The reference from other designs will also improve the aspect such as loading of the ship and its weight ratios. (Miesing, P., 2004). The process of project management should be followed keenly. After the planning and designing phase then the implementation of the design comes into action. This execution is the most crucial part because of the lack of proper mathematical ratios of the materials. The shipwright has to determine the displacement volume, its form and weight stability. With such factors as these then the shipbuilder is crucial in the execution of the plan. The proper execution of the design depends on the craftsmanship, experience and professional skill of the shipbuilders. (Martin Stevens, 2002) Due to the many battles that Sweden is involved in then delivery of the ship is crucial because it is expected to bring victories to the country. The delivery of the ship is crucial for protection of the country. It will carry troops and supplies to the battlefields. It will also increase the revenue of Sweden by levying taxes on the cargo ships. The ship will also blockade the enemy ships that try to escape from any port. With such demands on the firm then it will be crucial for the delivery in a timely manner. As the project manager then the delivery of the project is dependent on the organization chosen to build the ship. (Martin Stevens, 2002). References Kugeler, M.M, Rosemann, N.A (2003). Process Management: A guide for the design of business processes. New York: Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Vasa Capsizes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Martin Stevens (2002). Project Management Pathways: Theory and Practice. London: APM Publishing Limited, 2 002. Miesing, P. (2004). The Vasa Capsizes. Web. This case study on The Vasa Capsizes was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Product Development Management

Product Development Management Summary For any manufacturing industry to make any meaningful success in the competitive market, proper management of the new product development process, is a must to ensure the correct products are rolled to the market at the right time at a reasonable cost otherwise the industry has to make losses. Production is a multi-factorial process involving much planning and management which must be done with the aim of maximizing product fit with market need, shorten development process, and minimize development costs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Product Development Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maximizing Customer’s Needs Maximizing customer’s needs ought to be the first priority and this must be achieved with extensive market study and research. This will enable delivery of not only customer requirements but also at an affordable price. Apple’s Newton Message Pad failed due to fail ure to meet customer’s need while on the other hand Phillips failed due to production of both very sophisticated and expensive product. Massive losses can be minimized by cutting down on development time society that the products hit the market at the optimum time neither too early nor too late. Bringing products to the market brings customer loyalty and early market capture while late entry may find that market has already been taken. In addition production costs are likely to be cut in the process though rushing may compromise on quality of the products. The whole process of development must be both effective and efficient for profit maximization. Product development Product development takes place in stages which may occur either sequentially or concurrently and it is the work of production managers to make sure that product design, concept development and manufacturing in every stage is coordinated for optimum results and also for early detection of flaws or feasibility. Project championing is important in that project managers can take the challenges and responsibility of the project. Project managers are better positioned to integrate communication and cooperation from different branches and levels of production. They can provide the drive and the motivation needed to take the risk in the project. However precaution must be taken to ensure that too optimistic managers do not push projects further into losses even when it is evident the project is failing. Development process will bear much result if both customers and suppliers are involved in the development process. Most manufacturing industries involve customers in the manufacturing process by releasing semi finished or beta products to access the response of the customers. Suppliers are also involved in order to make sure that different supplies are incorporated in the manufacturing process whilst at the same time checking on timeliness and cost. Improving new product development process can b e made through techniques such as stage gate processes whereby the viability of the whole project is rigorously checked at every level. Design for manufacturing involves techniques such as making of prototypes, use of Computer-aided design (CAD) to build and test new design before the actual manufacturing. Computer aided manufacturing enhances quality product manufacturing by use of computer controlled automated production.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Measuring new product development performance is important in ensuring that the goals previously set are actually met and making timely corrections when the need arises. By use of various product development process metrics different dimensions of the firm’s potential to complete a given project successfully as per previously set targets are analyzed. All this concepts, stages and processes are important in ensuring effective new product development process.

Helen Keller Quotes That Inspire

Helen Keller Quotes That Inspire Although Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing at an early age, she lived a long and productive life as an author and activist. She was a pacifist during World War I and a socialist, an advocate for womens rights and a member of the fledgling American Civil Liberties Union. Helen Keller traveled to 35 countries during her lifetime to support the rights of the blind. Her indomitable spirit saw her through her handicap. Her words speak of the wisdom and strength that was the essence of her life. Helen Kellers Thoughts on Optimism Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see the shadows. Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence. Believe. No pessimist ever discovered the secrets of the stars or sailed to an uncharted land or opened a new heaven to the human spirit. What I am looking for is not out there; it is in me. When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us. Be of good cheer. Do not think of todays failures, but of the success that may come tomorrow. You have set yourself a difficult task, but you will succeed if you  persevere, and  you will find a joy in overcoming obstacles. Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world right in the eye. The Importance of Faith Faith is the strength by which a shattered world shall emerge into the light. I believe in the immortality of the soul because I have within me immortal longings. It gives me a deep, comforting sense that things seen are temporal and things unseen are eternal. About Ambition It is for us to pray not for tasks equal to our powers, but for powers equal to our tasks, to go forward with a great desire forever beating at the door of our hearts as we travel toward our distant goal. One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar. The Joy of Companionship Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light. Relationships are like Rome- difficult to start out, incredible during the prosperity of the golden age, and unbearable during the fall. Then, a new kingdom will come along and the whole process will repeat itself until you come across a kingdom like Egypt ... that  thrives  and continues to flourish. This kingdom will become your best friend, your soul mate and your love. Our Ability We can do anything we want if we stick to it long enough. I am only  one; but  still, I am one. I cannot do everything, but  still, I can do something. I will not refuse to do something I can do. I long to accomplish a great and noble task, but it is my chief duty to accomplish small tasks as if they were great and noble. When we do the best we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life or in the life of another. Thoughts on Life The best and most beautiful things in life cannot be seen, not touched, but are felt in the heart. We would never learn to be brave and patient if there were only joy in the world. What we have once enjoyed we can never lose. All that we love deeply becomes a part of us. Life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be understood. Life is an exciting business, and most exciting when it is lived for others. Believe, when you are most unhappy, that there is something for you to do in the world. So long as you can sweeten anothers pain, life is not in vain. True happiness ... is not attained through self-gratification, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose. The Beauty of Hope Once I knew only darkness and stillness. My life was without past or future. But a little word from the fingers of another fell into my hand that clutched at emptiness and my heart leaped to the rapture of living. Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it. Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much. To keep our faces toward change, and behave like free spirits in the presence of fate, is strength undefeatable. The Challenges We Face The marvelous richness of human experience would lose something of rewarding joy if there were no limitations to overcome. The hilltop hour would not be half so wonderful if there were no dark valleys to traverse. Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved. I seldom think about my limitations, and they never make me sad. Perhaps there is just a touch of yearning at times; but it is vague, like a breeze among flowers. Self-pity is our worst enemy and if we yield to it, we can never do anything wise in the world. The most pathetic person in the world is someone who has sight but has no vision. Random Musings Our democracy is but a name. We vote. What does that mean? It means that we choose between two bodies of real- though not avowed- autocrats. We choose between Tweedledum and Tweedledee. People do not like to think. If one thinks, one must reach conclusions. Conclusions are not always pleasant. Science may have found a cure for most evils; but it has found no remedy for the worst of them all- the apathy of human beings. It is wonderful how much time good people spend fighting the devil. If they would only expend the same amount of energy loving their fellow men, the devil would die in his own tracks of ennui. Security is mostly a superstition. It does not exist in nature, nor do the children of men as a whole experience it. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. Life is either a daring  adventure  or nothing. Knowledge is love and light and vision. Toleration is the greatest gift of mind; it requires the same effort of the brain that it takes to balance oneself on a bicycle.

How is Marxism relevent to today's economy Essay

How is Marxism relevent to today's economy - Essay Example It is this 'owner' / 'worker' distinction that leads to alienation as the defining feature of the workers relationship to what she produces, and to 'legitimation' as the defining apparatus of the 'owner' for purposes of maintaining power. However, Marx views history as heading inevitably toward an actual conflict between the classes. He maintains in Capital, that capitalism is structurally defined in such a way that it will implode on itself – it is structurally determined to self-destruct. At this point in Marx's theory, he goes from a 'descriptive' approach to economics to a 'prescriptive' one. It will be argued that the value of Marx in a contemporary context is his descriptive rather than his prescriptive side. His prescriptive solution which is communism, challenges some of the most basic assumptions about equality and human rights. Toward a critique of this 'prescriptive' side of Marx, this analysis will close with some of the key criticisms of Marx leveled by the econom ist, and philosopher of history and science, Karl Popper from his work titled: The Open Society and its Enemies. Thus, while the descriptive side of Marx allows us to understand the nature of 'profit' and its role in creating and perpetuating exploitive relations, his prescription or solution to this situation will be presented as fundamentally limited. Marx's descriptive history of economics remains useful while his vision for what ought to replace the 'owner/worker' status quo will be challenged in this analysis. Without question, the developed or G7 nations are moving toward more open markets or ‘freer trade’. In Europe, both the common currency and the EEC are an example of this movement, and in North America, this is exemplified both in the North American Free Trade Agreement, but also the more recent push toward establishing the Multi-lateral Agreement on Investment [Moody 117ff.]. In general, the acceptance and legitimation of these policies, is premised on the i dea that less ‘regulation’ and less government involvement with the movement and investment of capital, will stimulate the economy and in turn, create more employment. It is argued that since the mid to late 1970’s, there has been a decline in the acceptance of Keynesian economics, a theory which maintains that the government should put money directly into the hands of individuals as a means of stimulating growth. By contrast, it is now ‘accepted’ practice that government intervention is an inadequate means of stimulating this forth of economic growth, and the following will explore, both the nature of the notion of free trade for the purposes of job growth, but more importantly, focus on the ‘type’ of jobs which are being created. It will be argued that as with any form of market economy, the relationship surrounding the means of production is the determining factor with respect to the ‘control’ of capital, and in turn, fre e trade merely entails a greater polarization between those on either side of this relationship surrounding the means of production. It is the relationship surrounding the means of production that makes Marx's Capital still relevant. One of the motivating factors for ‘free trade’, and especially in the context of North America, is the aim of improving the cost efficiency of both production and distribution. This is especially true in the area of manufacturing, and is documented by some scholars, the move to free trade is similarly and

Write a research paper on Confucianism Proposal

Write a paper on Confucianism - Research Proposal Example In fact he almost always avoided being drawn into discussions dealing with God and the supernatural. His theories tried to steer clear from any involvement with any supernatural being. For instance, when one disciple queried him about the afterlife, he quickly retorted that because man does not yet fully understand the mortal world, it is very unlikely that he can contemplate on such concepts as heaven and god (The Analects). He did also express the notion that men do not need any god because men are capable of living a harmonious existence without any help from any supernatural being The Confucian Analects, which is a document comprising all his sayings and discourses, conversations and travels, is no Bible or Koran or any kind of scripture (Legge 2006, p. 1). There is nothing in it that makes reference to revealed teachings. It is neither a religious nor a political treatise but instead, it is just a record of his conversations with his disciples as well as narrations of Confucius’ deeds during particular occasions. In the Analects, nowhere did Confucius teach the people to believe in a higher being or power. If Confucianism is tinged with a patina of religion, it is because his zealous disciples and admirers deified him after his death. They constructed a temple in his honor and refurbished his tomb in Chu-fou (Kufow), Shantung province, his birthplace and made this a mecca for all educated Chinese. They replicated the Analects and distributed them all throughout China after his demise. They reprinted his Classic series i.e. Classic of Poetry, Classic of Historical Documents, Classic of Changes, Record of Rites and Classic of Spring and Autumn Annals, which are not religious books at all but mere literary collections cum history (Legge 2006, p. 1). Because of these publications, his teachings soon electrified citizens all over the country with his words of

Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

Economics, Scarcity, and Choice :: Economics

Economics, Scarcity, and Choice Economics: is the study of choice under conditions of scarcity Scarcity: a situation in which the amount of something available is insufficient to satisfy the desire for it. - time and purchasing power are scarce As individual’s, we face a scarcity of time and spending power. Given more of either, we could have more of the goods and services that we desire. Resources: the land, labor, and capital that are used to produce goods and services - scarce labor – the time human beings spend producing goods and services capital – long lasting tools used in producing goods and services physical capital: buildings, machinery, equipment human capital: skills and training workers possess land – the physical space on which production occurs, and the natural resources that come with it As a society, our resources, land, labor, and capital, are insufficient to produce all the goods and services we might desire. In other words, society faces a scarcity of resources. Raw material – not long lasting tool Ex. Chalk What to produce? How much to produce? How to produce it? The World of Economics Microeconomics: the study of the behavior of individual households, firms, and governments; the Choices they make; and their interaction in specific markets What happens to the cost of movie tickets over the next five years? How many jobs will open up in the fast-food industry? Macroeconomics: the study of the economy as a whole Lumps all goods and services together and looks at the economy’s total output. Positive economics: the study of what is, of how the economy works (deals with the facts) Ex. If we lower income tax rates in the U.S. next year, will the economy grow faster? If so, by how much? What effect will it have on total employment? Normative economics: the study of what should be; it is used to make value judgments, identify Problems, and prescribe solutions. Normative analysis is based on positive analysis. Why Study Economics 1. To understand the world better - understand global and cataclysmic events such as wars, famines, epidemics - understand local problems; ex. Worsening traffic conditions in the city - tell us how many skilled therapists, ministers are available to help us 2. To gain self-confidence - when you master economics, you gain a sense of mastery over the world, and thus over your own life 3. To achieve social change - make the world a better place

Teenage Curfews Essay

Everyone has a different opinion when discussing the issues of curfews. Councils across Britain have tried to come up with a strategy for young teenagers to remain indoors between specified hours, typically at night. Police forces are trying to impose that teenagers must have a curfew. Teenagers themselves do not get to have a say in the matter. 90% of teenagers already have a curfew that has been imposed by their parents. Although every teenager is different, the local community, the local council and the police believe putting a curfew in place will stop a lot of crime, vandalism, underage smoking, drinking and sex. One of the worries for putting a curfew in place is how will the teenagers react? The police have knuckled down on teenagers. If they see people under the age of eighteen smoking, they have the right to take their cigarettes off them but have to break them up in front of the smoker. If people under the age of eighteen also are caught with alcohol (usually in a crowd) they also have the right to take their bottles but have to pour the alcohol out in front of them, but if there is a couple of youths drinking in the streets they can get lifted or even charged. The two types of curfews are complete curfews and partial curfews. First of all a complete curfew is in place constantly. So, for example, if police find a teenager out on the streets past a certain time they have the right to take them home or even to the cells if they had been causing bother. Secondly, a partial curfew is put in place when there are particular times where anti sociable behavior has taken place, for example when it is a weekend or school holidays and teenagers can be out all day and night with no adult guidance to keep them from starting trouble. Some people believe that a curfew should be put in action because it keeps teenagers of the streets and stops them from behaving antisocially. It is good for parents to know where their children are and for them to know they aren’t out on the streets causing trouble so it can make parents feel more relaxed. 75% of adults would agree that having a curfew in place is to protect their children and keep them out of troub le. A common saying coming from parents is â€Å"A lot of the worst activities teenagers can get involved in happen later at night, so if the teen is in at the time they are given it well help keep them out of trouble.† It’s stereotypical to think all the crime happens late at night but the majority of crime that does happen is at night so

Early Childhood Research and Practice

From the heading I am able to see that the journal is going to be about â€Å"Learning Stories and Children’s Powerful Mathematics. † There are three authors in total who were part of the publishing of the journal, they are Bob Perry, Sue Dockett and Elspeth Harley. It is possible to find out a great deal of information about the authors, for example what university they attended, their current job roles and what they are interested in researching. The journal was published in the Early Childhood Research Practice, and it can only be found here. The journal has been peer reviewed. From reading the title and the abstract, I have learnt that â€Å"The approaches to teaching and learning mathematics in Australian preschools and schools can be quite different. † It is believed that different cultures are taught in different ways, however I would have to disagree with this statement, as schools today have multicultural classes, therefore every child has an equal opportunity and is taught the core subjects in the same way. The introduction made it clear that there is often conflict between this increase in formality and the play-based, child-centred philosophies of prior-to-school settings (Thomson, Rowe, Underwood, & Peck, 2005). They key to the research was to investigate young children’s mathematical experiences. The article was set out under numerous headings, separating key information into paragraphs. With-in the articles there are also tables showing how maths can be linked with play and whether it is a successful way of teaching the younger generation. Two of the authors of this paper worked with a small group of early childhood educators for two days in 2005 and two days in 2006. This paper reports how the powerful mathematical ideas and the developmental learning outcomes were brought together by a group of practicing early childhood educators into a numeracy matrix that encouraged the educators to plan, implement, and assess their practices. It also considers the use of learning stories by the early childhood educators to assess the mathematics learning of preschool children. Their list bears many similarities to other such lists (see, for example, Greenes, Ginsburg, & Balfanz, 2004; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000). Learning Stories are qualitative snapshots, recorded as structured written narratives, often with accompanying photographs that document and communicate the context and complexity of children’s learning (Carr, 2001). Luke has been given the opportunity, through the provision of time, materials, and space, to â€Å"participate purposefully in spatial tasks† and to â€Å"demonstrate flexibility and to make choices. The article was easy to follow and fulfilled all of its set aims. Through their use of the numeracy matrix, the educators are now able to see how each of the powerful ideas contributes to the DLO. One of them was able to suggest that the work with the numeracy matrix had helped them see how the DLOs were the capstones to all that they were trying to do in all learning areas The purpose of this paper w as to introduce the numeracy matrix, which has been developed as part of the Southern Numeracy Initiative in South Australia. Subjective evidence from the participants in the Southern Numeracy Initiative suggest that the use of the numeracy matrix and the thinking behind it have had positive effects on the pedagogical practices of the early childhood educators involved. However some educators disagreed with this and the source can’t be trusted. The article gave a to the point review of what they were trying to achieve and also gave references so if you wanted to further your knowledge on the topic or similar reports then you could do so. Unlike previous articles, this one did not relate to anything that I have previously read. It interested me as I believe that maths is over looked and there is a great amount of ways in linking it in with everyday play and practice; however some educators do not do that. With Australia now putting this â€Å"matrix† into place others may follow suit and see the positive outcomes.

Free Essays on Personality

â€Å"Personality† Psychology covers a vast field, and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some of which basic aspects are Psychoanalytic, Biological, Ego, Humanistic and Interactionist which can be found in chapter fifteen. Though personality as a subject fascinates me a lot, because personality is the way people behave. I believe Behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. Personality plays a big part in everyone’s live and everyone is different and I think that is also what makes personality so interesting. I know I have learned a lot about myself over the years even though I don’t think that my personality really has not changed much. I understand now why I act the way I do and sometimes I try work on the thinks I do not like about my personality. Like my attitude and I have very little patients. I have worked on my patients a lot and now I am starting slow down and take a breath and don’t get my â€Å"patties in a wad†. I also believe that everyone get some of there personality from there parents just because you have been around them for so long. I also think that personality can be described in many ways and it is in the eye of the beholder to choose his definition of personality. I really do enjoy this class and I think I have learned a lot about myself through this class because of the some many different personalities. Everyone in class thinks differently and I like the way we have discussions because it brings out people personalities and helps me to get to know what other people think about certain things. But I wish we could spend more time on all the topics we talk about be I know we do have lots of time.... Free Essays on Personality Free Essays on Personality â€Å"Personality† Psychology covers a vast field, and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some of which basic aspects are Psychoanalytic, Biological, Ego, Humanistic and Interactionist which can be found in chapter fifteen. Though personality as a subject fascinates me a lot, because personality is the way people behave. I believe Behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. Personality plays a big part in everyone’s live and everyone is different and I think that is also what makes personality so interesting. I know I have learned a lot about myself over the years even though I don’t think that my personality really has not changed much. I understand now why I act the way I do and sometimes I try work on the thinks I do not like about my personality. Like my attitude and I have very little patients. I have worked on my patients a lot and now I am starting slow down and take a breath and don’t get my â€Å"patties in a wad†. I also believe that everyone get some of there personality from there parents just because you have been around them for so long. I also think that personality can be described in many ways and it is in the eye of the beholder to choose his definition of personality. I really do enjoy this class and I think I have learned a lot about myself through this class because of the some many different personalities. Everyone in class thinks differently and I like the way we have discussions because it brings out people personalities and helps me to get to know what other people think about certain things. But I wish we could spend more time on all the topics we talk about be I know we do have lots of time.... Free Essays on Personality A Critical Analysis of A Midsummer Night's Dream By: Mandy Conway E-mail: sweetpea_250@yahoo.com Mandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream.† They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeare’s comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writer. Critics find it a task to explain the intricateness of the play, audiences find it very pleasing to read and watch. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a comedy combining elements of love, fairies, magic, and dreams. This play is a comedy about five couples who suffer through love’s strange games and the evil behind the devious tricks. This play begins as These us, the Duke, is preparing to marry Hippolyta. He woos her with his sword. Hermia is in love with Lysander. Egeus, Hermia’s father, forbids the relationship with Lysander and orders her to marry Demetrius. Demetrius loves Hermia, but she does not love him. On the other hand, Helena is in love with Demetrius. To settle the confusion, Theseus decides that Hermia must marry Demetrius or become a nun. In retaliation to her father’s command, Hermia and Lysander run away together. Amidst all the problems in the human world, Titania and Oberon, the fairy queen and king, continually argue about their various relationships that they have taken part in. (Scott 336) Titania leaves Oberon as a result of the arguments. Oberon is hurt and wants revenge on Titania. So he tells Puck, Oberon’s servant, to put a magic flower juice on her eyelids while she is sleeping. This potion causes the victim to desperately i...

USS Arizona (BB-39) at Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona (BB-39) at Pearl Harbor USS Arizona (BB-39) Overview: Nation: United States Type: Battleship Shipyard: Brooklyn Navy Yard Laid Down: March 16, 1914 Launched: June 19, 1915 Commissioned: October 17, 1916 Fate: Sunk December 7, 1941 USS Arizona (BB-39) Specifications: Displacement: 31,400 tons Length: 608 ft. Beam: 106 ft. Draft: 30 ft. Propulsion: 4 propellers driven by Parson steam turbines Speed: 21 knots Range: 9,200 miles at 12 knots Complement: 1,385 men Armament (September 1940) Guns 12 Ãâ€" 14 in. (360 mm)/45 cal guns (4 triple turrets)12 Ãâ€" 5 in./51 cal. guns12 Ãâ€" 5 in./25 cal. anti-aircraft guns Aircraft 2 x aircraft USS Arizona (BB-39) - Design Construction: Approved by Congress on March 4, 1913, USS Arizona was designed as a super-dreadnought battleship. The second and final ship of the Pennsylvania-class, Arizona was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on March 16, 1914. With World War I raging overseas, work continued on the ship and it was ready for launching the following June. Slipping down the ways on June 19, 1915, Arizona was sponsored by Miss Esther Ross of Prescott, AZ. Over the next year, work progressed as the ships new Parson turbine engines were installed and the rest of its machinery brought on board. An improvement on the earlier Nevada-class, the Pennsylvania-class featured a heavier main armament of twelve 14 guns mounted in four triple turrets as well as a slightly higher speed. The class also saw the US Navys abandonment of vertical triple expansion steam engines in favor of steam turbine technology. More economical, this propulsion system used less fuel oil than its predecessor. In addition, the Pennsylvanias introduced the four engine, four propeller layout that would become standard on all future American battleships. For protection, the two ships of the Pennsylvania-class possessed an advanced four-layer system of armor. This consisted of thin plating, air space, thin plate, oil space, thin plate, air space, followed with a thicker layer of armor nearly ten feet inboard. The theory behind this layout was that the air and oil space would aid in dissipating shell or torpedo explosions. In testing, this arrangement withstood an explosion of 300 lbs. of dynamite. Work on Arizona was completed in late 1916 and the ship was commissioned on October 17 with Captain John D. McDonald in command. USS Arizona (BB-39) - Operations During World War I: Departing New York the following month, Arizona conducted its shakedown cruise off the Virginia Capes and Newport, RI before proceeding south to Guantnamo Bay. Returning to the Chesapeake in December, it conducted torpedo and firing exercises in Tangier Sound. These complete, Arizona sailed for Brooklyn where post-shakedown alterations were made to the ship. With these issues addressed, the new battleship was assigned to Battleship Division 8 (BatDiv 8) at Norfolk. It arrived there on April 4, 1917, only days before the US entered World War I. During the war, Arizona, along with the other oil-fired battleships of the US Navy, remained assigned to the East Coast due to a shortage of fuel oil in Britain. Patrolling the waters between Norfolk and New York, Arizona also served as a gunnery training ship. With the wars conclusion on November 11, 1918, Arizona and BatDiv 8 sailed for Britain. Arriving on November 30, it sortied on December 12 to aid in escorting President Woodrow Wilson, aboard the liner George Washington, into Brest, France for the Paris Peace Conference. This done, it embarked American troops for the voyage home two days later. USS Arizona (BB-39) - The Interwar Years: Arriving off New York on Christmas Eve, Arizona led a naval review into the harbor the next day. After participating in maneuvers in the Caribbean during the spring of 1919, the battleship crossed the Atlantic and reached Brest on May 3. Sailing into the Mediterranean, it arrived off Smyrna (Izmir) on May 11 where it provided protection to American citizens during the Greek occupation of the port. Going ashore, Arizonas Marine detachment aided in guarding the American consulate. Returning to New York in late June, the ship underwent alterations at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. For much of the 1920s, Arizona served in a variety of peacetime roles and moved through assignments with BatDivs 7, 2, 3, and 4. Having been operating in the Pacific, the ship transited the Panama Canal on February 7, 1929 en route to Norfolk for modernization. Entering the yard, it was placed in reduced commission on July 15 as work began. As part of the modernization, Arizonas cage masts were placed with tripod masts topped by three-level fire control tops, alterations were made to its 5 in. guns, and additional armor was added. While in the yard, the ship also received new boilers and turbines. Returning to full commission on March 1, 1931, the ship embarked President Herbert Hoover on the 19th for a cruise to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Following this assignment, post-modernization trials were conducted off the coast of Maine. With this completed, it was assigned to BatDiv 3 at San Pedro, CA. For much of the next decade, the ship operated with the Battle Fleet in the Pacific. On September 17, 1938, it became the flagship of Rear Admiral Chester Nimitzs BatDiv 1. Nimitz remained on board until passing command to Rear Admiral Russell Willson the following year. USS Arizona (BB-39) - Pearl Harbor: Following Fleet Problem XXI in April 1940, the US Pacific Fleet was retained at Pearl Harbor due to increasing tensions with Japan. The ship operated around Hawaii until late summer when it sailed for Long Beach, CA en route to an overhaul at the Puget Sound Navy Yard. Among the work completed were improvements to Arizonas anti-aircraft battery. On January 23, 1941, Willson was relieved by Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd. Returning to Pearl Harbor, the battleship took part in a series of training exercises during 1941 before undergoing a brief overhaul in October. Arizona sailed for the final time on December 4 to take part in firing exercises. Returning the next day, it took the repair ship USS Vestal alongside on December 6. The next morning, the Japanese commenced their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor shortly before 8:00 AM. Sounding general quarters at 7:55, Kidd and Captain Franklin van Valkenburgh raced to the bridge. Shortly after 8:00, a bomb dropped by a Nakajima B5N Kate glanced off #4 turret starting a small fire. This was followed by another bomb hit at 8:06. Striking between and to the port of #1 and #2 turrets, this hit ignited a fire which detonated Arizonas forward magazine. This resulted in a massive explosion which destroyed the forward part of the ship and started fires which burned for two days. The explosion killed Kidd and van Valkenburgh, both of whom received the Medal of Honor for their actions. The ships damage control officer, Lieutenant Commander Samuel G. Fuqua, also was awarded the Medal of Honor for his role in fighting the fires and attempting to rescue survivors. As a result of the explosion, fires, and sinking, 1,177 of Arizonas 1,400-man crew were killed. As salvage work began after the attack, it was determined that the ship was a total loss. While the majority of its surviving guns were removed for future use, its superstructure was largely cut down to the waterline. A powerful symbol of the attack, the ships remains was bridged by the USS Arizona Memorial which was dedicated in 1962. The remains of Arizona, which still bleed oil, were designated a National Historic Landmark on May 5, 1989. Selected Sources Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: USS ArizonaUniversity of Arizona: USS ArizonaNational Park Service: Valor in the Pacific

Unit 1 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Unit 1 Individual Project - Essay Example E may look for to start a Greenfield project in Hungary as the subsequent analysis would suggest that the from the start of making its transition to the market economies, Hungary has been able to attract most of the FDI in the form of Greenfield projects. Hungary has gone through a very tough period of its economic history however the same is now seems to be paying of to the country. Hungary has traditionally remained an agriculturalist country with lot of reliance on the agriculture as the main deriver of the economic growth in the country. It has remained under the socialist school of government however is believed to be undertaking the reforms under the socialist era much before the other communist countries in the region. Due to its structural reforms and economic restructuring, Hungary has now being considered as surviving its bad patch and is now on the route of economic growth. As discussed above that the historically, Hungary has remained an agriculturalist country however after the World War II, it turn to the industrialization however most of the industrialization was state owned and most of the agriculture output was coming out of the state owned firms. Over the period of time Hungary has been able to attract more than 90% of all the foreign capital being invested in the Eastern Europe showing the strong trust of the foreign investors into strength of the country. Over the period from 1992 to 2005, the average GDP growth in the economy has remained well over 5% with drastic reduction in inflation and public debt. The economic model followed by Hungary is considered as the model for the transition economies as it is considered as one of the most successful transition model. On the whole, Hungary has the stable economic outlook as well as supporting government policies encouraging foreign direct investment as well as other means of entering into the Hungarian model. (EU Commission, 2006). Hungary has remained a communist nation with centralized and

Thomson Greenhouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thomson Greenhouse - Essay Example These figures show that a the potential new greenhouse would offer a good return on investment and could be paid back relatively fast; however, profitability would have to be increased slightly in order to break even. 3. Thomson Greenhouse has very healthy current and debt ratios, so this means that the firm is able to borrow money easily. Also, productivity is healthy because inventory is replaced only every three months or so. The profitability of Thomson Greenhouse is also very strong, so the long-term outlook is positive. The business is now at the point where it could potentially expand and not be affected too much because of the strong financial position that it is in. 4. If the business was passed to one of the sons then specific organizational roles would have to be given to ensure the future success of the business. Any son that took on business would have to have the desire and commitment to Thomson Greenhouse. On the other hand, if the business is sold to an outsider, what kind of profit will Earl and Lisa make from the sale. The deal would also need to be attractive to the potential

Withholding and withdrawal of Medical treatment decisions from Case Study

Withholding and withdrawal of Medical treatment decisions from Children and neonates - Case Study Example Parents, doctors, the health care team have a common goal in ensuring good health and sustaining the life of children and neonates. Although advanced technology makes it possible to prolong life, prolonging life beyond a meaningful point in some neonatal and children's cases involves making difficult decisions on when and how life sustaining treatment is to be withheld or withdrawn. The Ethics Advisory Committee of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health (EAC - RCPCH) has defined five categories in which the withholding or withdrawal of life sustaining medical treatment can be done.With holding or withdrawing does not even mean that the child will receive no care. Such a decision is followed by palliative care for the child. The withholding and withdrawing decisions is made by only experienced senior doctors. Clinical situations of these decisions include Non-resuscitation of a baby at birth with congenital abnormalities like anencephaly, making the child incompatible for su rvival; Non- resuscitation of a baby born with a gestational period of twenty three weeks or less making the baby neurologically impaired; withdrawal of ventilation from the baby with birth asphyxia leading to brain damage.The frequency of selective non treatment of extremely premature, critically or mal formed infants in Level III intensive care nursery (ICU) and the reasons documented by neonatologists for their decisions to withdraw or with hold life support has been well documented (Wall, 1997). They reviewed all the medical records of 165 infants who died at a level III (ICN) during 3 years. One hundred and eight infant deaths were found to be due to withdrawal of life support and thirteen deaths due to withhold of treatment. End of life decisions in new born with incurable diseases are difficult for pediatricians. In Netherlands, deliberate ending of life can be acceptable choice if a life full of severe and sustained suffering that cannot be relieved by any other means is expected of the child (Verhagen 2005). During a study for the period from January 1988 through December 1991, of 529 neonates admitted in Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 524 had been found dead of which 28 were due to the disease and 24 cases due to withdrawn or withheld treatment. In 15 of the 24, treatment was withdrawn due to severe congenital anomalies; in 9 of the 24, treatment was withdrawn because of serious complications. But in all the cases withdrawal was done unanimously after lengthy discussions between doctors, nurses and the parents (Hazebroek, 1993). Withdrawal of treatment in pediatric intensive care units accounts for between 43% and 72% of deaths in U.K (Mcmillan 2000). The Law:- All such professional decisions are done within the framework of law. The children Act (England and Wales 1989) safeguard the children's welfare. The Act also introduces the concept of parental responsibility. A number of judgments on withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatment have proved that there is no obligation on part of the doctors to give treatment which is futile and burdensome and such a treatment could be treated as an assault. They have also given enough scope for the treatment goals to be changed in case of a dying child. These judgments have legalized the withdrawal of feeding and medical treatment In such cases in the best interests of the children. Withdrawal of life sustaining treatment in appropriate cases is not active killing, nor does it breach the article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Decision Making: Initially the medical team must wait for enough information about the clinical status of the child. The decision making process involves all members of the Health Care Team and the parents. In practice, a decision to withdraw treatment is usually a matter of consensus. However such major decisions always require a second opinion, legal as well as clinical.

The Colloquy Grog Shop Marketing Essay

The Colloquy Grog Shop Marketing Essay Colloquy Grog Shop is a unique local bar/coffee/tapas house that provides a friendly, effective place where singles can meet. Colloquy Grog Shop is not your typical bar where people go to meet other singles. Colloquy Grog Shop has a  unique service called the structure conversation system that is quite effective for allowing singles to meet each other and provide them with valuable insight into the other person through reflective conversation.   The structured system provide an atmosphere that lowers inhibitions and breeds confidence allowing singles to meet other singles and gain insight into their personality by way of thoughtful discourse. Meeting people is one of the largest hurdles 25-45 year old singles face.   Colloquy Grog Shop provides this group with an effective solution to this problem.   Situation Analysis Colloquy Grog Shop has just begun business, and marketing is essential to its success and future profitability.   The bar offers a place for people  to meet  in a comfortable, person-meeting environment.   The basic market need is place where singles can meet new similar people.   Colloquy Grog Shop uses a sophisticated conversation system to enhance and facilitate singles meeting each other. Market Summary Colloquy Grog Shop possess good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of the prized and loyal customers.   Colloquy Grog Shop will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how the Grog Shop can better communicate with  them. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000100.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Market Analysis 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Potential Customers Growth CAGR Singles 9% 210,987 229,976 250,674 273,235 297,826 9.00% Non-singles 7% 134,432 143,842 153,911 164,685 176,213 7.00% Other 0% 0 0 0 0 0 0.00% Total 8.23% 345,419 373,818 404,585 437,920 474,039 8.23% Market Needs Colloquy Grog Shop is a unique bar/coffee shop/tapas house that is organized to try to facilitate new friendships.   The Grog Shop will offer a changing menu of tapas, microbrews, and assorted coffee drinks in conjunction with a structured conversation system.   Colloquy Grog Shop seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers. Selection:  a creative choice of food and drink and a well-constructed structured conversation system. Accessibility:  the patron will gain access to the Grog Shop with minimal waits and long business hours. Customer service:  the customer is ALWAYS right. Competitive pricing:  all products will be competitively priced relative to the competition. Market Trends The market trend is headed toward a more sophisticated customer.   The restaurant/bar patron today is more sophisticated in a number of different ways: Food quality:  the preference for higher-quality ingredients is being reinforced as customers are being subjected to an increasing number of options. Quality conversation:  patrons are recognizing intellectual conversations can be had in bar settings and would prefer this over normal bar talk. Access to meeting people:  people are tired of being single and are looking for ways to meet like-minded individuals. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000210.jpg Market Growth In 1999, the global bar/restaurant   market reached $24 billion dollars.   Alcohol sales are estimated to grow by 9% for the next few years.   This growth can be attributed to several factors.   The first factor is Americans reliance on alcohol for socialization.   This factor is intuitive as alcohol breaks down social inhibitions. Another factor is the trend to eat and drink outside of the home.   This occurs as Americans work longer and longer hours during the week.   Eating and drinking out is a convenience that many are willing to pay for.   It also provides contact with more people. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Grog Shop. Strengths Strong relationships with third party vendors. Excellent staff who are highly trained and customer attentive. The structured conversation system. Weaknesses The Grog Shops limited brand equity. The struggle to continually have current and new  conversation topics. A limited marketing budget to develop brand awareness. Opportunities A growing market with a significant percentage of the of the target market still unaware of the Grog Shop. Increasing sales opportunities as people become familiar with the advantages of the structured conversation system. The ability to lower variable costs through efficiency gains. Threats Competition from taverns. Competition from other sources of singles meeting events. A slump in the economy which will decrease discretionary spending. Competition The competition comes from several different sources. Bars There are many different types of bars or taverns.   Some are better than others for meeting people, however, none of them have the business mission to bring together singles. Coffee Shops Coffee shops are typically an easy-going social setting that does lend itself for people to meet others.   Conversations occur in part because of the historical underpinning of coffee houses, in part by virtue of the fact that the background music is not blaring. Coffee shops rarely have any type of organized activities to bring singles together. Other Events/Activities Aimed at Bringing Together Singles. One activity/phenomenon that has started in New York City and moved to a few other larger cities (not including Portland) is an activity that has a long rectangular table that always has one seat opposing the other.   People  sit down  with females on one side and males on the other (this seating arrangement is for heterosexual gatherings) and will have a limited number of minutes (usually 10) to chat. Typically, conversations can be  about anything, however you are not to reveal the job/profession that you are involved in, beyond that, anything is fair game.   The table rotates and you end up speaking with a lot of different people.   You then create a list of the top five that you would like to speak with again and if the matching person also has you on their list, phone numbers are released to the two people.   Another activity might be some sort of outdoor activity like hiking or rafting and it is organized as a singles event.   There are also other type of single s events, too numerous to mention.   Lastly, there are resources like personal sections in local papers where people can  post or respond to personal advertisements. Every person has their own method of meeting people, some  more useful than others.   Colloquy Grog Shop  predicts singles will abandon, or at least supplement, their current method of meeting people with the Grog Shops activities as they are thoughtfully designed to achieve the goal of introducing like-minded individuals.   Product Offering Colloquy Grog Shop sells the following: Eight  Microbrews on Draft and  Bottled Alcohol, specifically beer, is served for two reasons.   One, alcohol reduces inhibition, making it easier for people to meet and interact with new people.   Two, and more importantly, beer, particularly draft beer generates wonderful profits.   Microbeers are chosen because microbrews are of higher quality than large production beers and our target segment prefers higher-quality beer. Espresso, Cappuccino, Coffee, and other Coffee/Espresso drinks. Coffee and coffee-related drinks are hugely popular, particularly in the Pacific Northwest.   Northwesterners expect good coffee/espresso at most food/drink establishments and it is often associated with good conversation. An Assortment of  Tapas Tapas are chosen because they can be relatively easy to make, the offerings can be changed frequently, and tapas are  more community orientated, meaning they are designed for a table/multiple people to share.   This reinforces Colloquy Grog Shop mission of bringing new people together. The service offerings are based on a system for singles to meet new people.   This is accomplished through a structured conversation system.   The Grog Shop is divided into two sections, one smaller section of tables that is for people meeting people that they already know.   The other, larger section is the section of tables for singles to come and meet new people.   This section is composed of 4-top tables (table seating for four) where a customer will come and sit down at the table among other people.   The table will be marked with a topic of conversation in the center.   Throughout the evening as there is turnover of the table or the conversation is exhausted, the server will introduce a new topic. The topics of conversation are far reaching, some are recent news or sports, while others are intellectual, and some are philosophical.   The bulk of the topics will be of the latter varieties as people that are interested in meeting people through the conduit of convers ation will typically prefer heavier stuff to provide more insight into that person. If you ask a majority of single 25-45 year olds, most will say they have difficulty meeting new people.   Regular bars are not an ideal place to meet people because beyond their visual image, it is quite difficult to learn anything material about the person to determine if there are some commonalities. The typical bar has loud music and is not geared up for serious conversation.   Bars are also less than ideal to meet people because of the uncertainty or ambiguity when meeting new people at a bar.   Many people feel uncomfortable in situations where they are not sure how to act. The ideal situation to meet someone is during an activity that is mutually enjoyed, whether it is at an art museum or mountain biking in the Cascade Range. Colloquy Grog Shop creates a setting in a bar/coffee shop that encourages thoughtful conversation, allowing patrons to gain insight into the other singles.   The key to the conversation system is structure.   The rules are clearly established.   Singles sit down at specific tables and discuss the assigned topic of conversation.   Everyone at these tables are single and looking to meet new people.   The conversation is used to elicit insight into the other person, their values and perspectives as well as implicit and sometimes explicit insight to their background and past.   The structured conversation system is successful because it reduces ambiguity or uncertainty in the singles social scene allowing people to feel more comfortable in the setting and open up more to  new people.   Additionally, for intellectually minded people, it allows them to find people with similar interests, whether the similarity is based in the topic of conversation or more generally in conversation itself. Keys to Success Attracting customers who find value in the Grog Shops offering and who will frequent the Shop regularly in order to meet like-minded single people. Excellent customer service. Maintaining a cost of goods on foods at below 50%. Critical Issues The Grog Shop is still in the speculative stage as a retail operation.   Its critical issues are: to continue to take a moderate fiscal approach to business operations and  to build brand awareness which will drive customers to the Grog Shop. Marketing Strategy Colloquy Grog Shops strategy will be based on communicating Grog Shops value to the targeted segments.   This will be done through a variety of methods.   The first method will be strategically placed advertisements.   One place that will be  used for advertisements is the Willamette Weekly, the liberal arts magazine that details all of the entertainment in Portland.   This will be the main source of advertisements because the demographics of their readership are fairly similar to Colloquy Grog Shops demographics.   Another source of marketing will be done with strategic relationships with companies that have similar customer demographics.   One prime example is the Multnomah Athletic Club.   While the clubs patrons are not necessarily overwhelmingly single, the rest of the demographics match up.   The MAC is a fairly exclusive downtown athletic club that by virtue of the membership costs, attracts professionals.   The strategic relationship with be mutually beneficial where both organizations will develop visibility for each other.   The other form of advertising will be using grassroots methods where customers will be given coupons for their friends to try Colloquy Grog Shop for the first time.   The coupon will be an economic incentive for the newcomer to try Colloquy Grog Shop.   The coupon also has the added force of a referral from a friend. Mission Colloquy Grog Shops mission is to provide a neighborhood bar/coffee shop where single people can meet.   We exist to attract and maintain customers.   When we adhere to this maxim, everything else will fall into place.   Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers.  Ã‚   Marketing Objectives Develop brand awareness through a steady, month to month increase of new customers. Develop an increase in sales while achieving a status quo state or   decrease  in marketing expenses. Develop awareness of the structured conversation system measured by customers coming to the Grog Shop solely for meeting people. Financial Objectives A double digit growth rate for each future year. Reduce the variable costs through efficiency gains. Reach profitability within the first year. Target Markets Colloquy Grog Shops customers can be broken down into two groups, singles, and non-singles.   The non-singles groups  are smaller than the singles groups by virtue of the fact that if you are meeting someone whom you already know, the two of you can come up with the topic of conversation yourself, therefore, Grog Shop offers this group less value.   The demographics for the non-singles is similar to the singles, to be listed below.   The larger group then is the singles.   The demographics of the singles are: Single:  self evident. Professional:  this characteristic is intuitive since the  underlying element of Colloquy Grog Shop is thoughtful conversation, and most professionals  appreciate thought-provoking conversation. Income over $40,000:  this to a large degree is correlated to the fact that they are professional. Age 25-45:  the largest group of singles looking for companions. Positioning The Colloquy Grog Shop will position itself as a reasonably priced tapas/bar/coffee house that has an innovative, effective system for allowing single to meet each other. The Colloquy Grog Shops positioning will leverage their competitive edge: A  unique approach to getting singles together called the structured conversation system.   This system was detailed in the Product and Services section, please refer to that section for more  information.   This system is a competitive edge because most bars/taverns do not have a niche that they are  concentrating on.   While every bar or coffee shop has a certain flavor and that is why someone will choose one bar or another, the flavor is only surface deep.   The business model of the establishment is to sell alcohol and provide a social setting.   Beyond these two values, there is little other genuine value that the establishments try to provide.   Colloquy Grog Shop is distinguished by the fact that their business model concentrates on developing value for   customers beyond serving drinks.   The Grog Shop develops an effective, albeit inherently structured, social setting that  encourages meeting like-minded individuals.   Providing the drinks is  the source of income, an ancillary part of the business model.   Generating value for the customers is the main focus, if the customers are happy then the revenue will follow (assuming of course that proper marketing and financial controls are employed).   Concentrating on the clients needs beyond serving alcohol is the distinguishing characteristic that will allow Colloquy Grog Shop  to rapidly gain market share. Strategies The single objective is to position the Colloquy Grog Shop as the premier place for young professional singles to meet like-minded individuals.   The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding their services offered, develop that customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message Colloquy Grog Shop will seek to communicate is that The Grog Shop is THE place to meet intelligent singles.   This message will be communicated through a variety of methods.   The first method will be advertisements.   The bulk of the advertisements will be in the Willamette Weekly, a weekly entertainment guide in Portland that has impressive readership numbers for the desired target population. Another method will be through establishing strategic relationships with companies that have similar demographics such as the Multnomah Athletic Club.   Establishing a mutually beneficial relationship will allow both organizations to develop visibility for each other. The other form of advertising will be using grassroots methods where customers will be given coupons for their friends to try Colloquy Grog Shop for the first time.   The coupon will be an economic incentive for the newcomer to try Colloquy Grog Shop.   The coupon also has the added force of a referral from a friend. Marketing Mix Colloquy Grog Shops marketing mix is comprised of these following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Pricing:  the pricing scheme is based on standard industry practices. Distribution:  all services and products will be distributed from Colloquy Grog Shops retail space. Advertising and promotion:  the most successful advertising will be with Willamette Weekly.   Additionally, strategic relationships will be developed with companies such as Multnomah Athletic Club as well as use of a grassroots promotion system. Customer service:  obsessive customer attention is the mantra.   The Grog Shops philosophy is to do whatever needs to be done to impress the customer.   While this could reduce short-term profits, it will strengthen long-term profitability. Marketing Research During the initial phases of the marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insight into a variety of likely customers.   These focus groups provided useful insight into the decision making process of these consumers. An additional source of dynamic  market research  is a feedback system based on a suggestion card system.   The suggestion card  has several statements that patrons are asked to rate in terms of a given scale.   There are also several open ended questions that allow the customer to freely offer constructive criticism or praise.   The Grog Shop will work hard to implement reasonable suggestions in order to improve their service offerings as well as show their committment to the customer that their suggestions are valued. The last source of market research will be competitive analysis.   This will be done by regularly visiting competitors and analyzing their service offerings. Financials This section will offer a financial overview of the Grog Shop as it relates to the marketing activities.   The section will address break-even analysis, sales forecasts, expenses forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy. Break-even Analysis The Break-even Analysis indicates that $30,237 will be needed in monthly revenue to reach the break-even point. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000600.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $20,299 Assumptions: Average Percent Variable Cost 32% Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $19,654 Sales Forecast The first two months will be used to set up the physical location, hire personnel,  establish vendor relationships and obtain an alcohol license.   The  third month will be the grand opening.   Business during the second month will be understandably slow as a steady customer base takes time to build.   By month four it is forecasted that sales will steadily grow.   http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000300.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Sales Forecast 2001 2002 2003 Sales Drinks $105,921 $271,254 $296,874 Food $69,908 $179,028 $195,937 Total Sales $175,829 $450,282 $492,811 Direct Cost of Sales 2001 2002 2003 Drinks $26,480 $67,814 $74,219 Food $29,361 $75,192 $82,293 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $55,842 $143,005 $156,512 Expense Forecast Marketing expenses are  budgeted to remain fairly steady throughout the year.   There will be an initial ramp up  of spending  to generate visibility.   After this ramp up advertising will be fairly consistent month to month. http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif http://www.mplans.com/coffee_bar_marketing_plan/images/30000000000000000000000000000400.jpg http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Marketing Expense Budget 2001 2002 2003 Advertising $4,800 $2,400 $2,400 Strategic relationships $2,000 $1,200 $1,200 Other $2,400 $1,200 $1,200 Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $9,200 $4,800 $4,800 Percent of Sales 5.23% 1.07% 0.97% Controls The purpose of The Grog Shops marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. Implementation The following milestones identify key marketing programs.   It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget.   http://www.mplans.com/graphical/images/sbp_images/click_to_enlarge.gif Milestones Advertising Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Marketing plan completion 1/1/2001 2/1/2001 $0 Karen Department Advertising 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $9,600 Karen Department Strategic relationships 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $4,400 Karen Department Grassroots promotion 1/1/2001 1/1/2004 $4,800 Karen Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2003 1/15/2003 $0 ABC Department Total Advertising Budget $18,800 PR Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total PR Budget $0 Direct Marketing Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Direct Marketing Budget $0 Web Development Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Web Development Budget $0 Other Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Name me 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Other 1/1/2006 1/15/2006 $0 ABC Department Total Other Budget $0 Totals $18,800 Contingency Planning Difficulties and risks: Problems generating visibility and awareness of the Grog Shop. An entry into Portland of the conversation roundtables or other single meeting events. Lower than forecasted consumption of alcohol. Worst case risks may include: Determining that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. Having to liquidate equipment to cover liabilities.